预掘回撤通道末采围岩破坏机制研究

为保证工作面安全高效回撤,通过理论分析及现场观测法,研究综采工作面末采期间回撤通道围岩应力分布及破坏特征,提出垛架支撑力控制顶板围岩破坏机制及方法,得到垛架最小支撑力计算方法.结果表明:回撤通道围岩集中应力与工作面前方支承压力逐步叠加,导致剩余煤柱由两侧向中部逐渐破坏,当两侧破坏区连通时,煤柱上方直接顶跨距增加为原来的...     

Random forest models to estimate bankfull and low flow channel widths and depths across the conterminous United States

Channel dimensions (width and depth) at varying flows influence a host of instream ecological processes, as well as habitat and biotic features; they are a major consideration in stream habitat restoration and instream flow assessments. Models of widths and depths are often used to assess climate change vulnerability, develop endangered species recovery plans, and model water quality. However, development and application of such models require specific skillsets and resources. To facilitate acquisition of such estimates, we created a dataset of modeled channel dimensions for perennial stream segments across the conterminous United States. We used random forest models to predict wetted width, thalweg depth, bankfull width, and bankfull depth from several thousand field measurements of the National Rivers and Streams Assessment. Observed channel widths varied from <5 to >2000 m and depths varied from <2 to >125 m. Metrics of watershed area, runoff, slope, land use, and more were used as model predictors. The models had high pseudo R² values (0.70–0.91) and median absolute errors within ±6% to ±21% of the interquartile range of measured values across 10 stream orders. Predicted channel dimensions can be joined to 1.1 million stream segments of the 1:100 K resolution National Hydrography Dataset Plus (version 2.1). These predictions, combined with a rapidly growing body of nationally available data, will further enhance our ability to study and protect aquatic resources.     

侧开缝对竖通道内旋转热流场影响的实验研究

为了掌握竖通道两侧开缝对于通道内热流场的影响,在一32cm(长)×32cm(宽)×200cm(高)的竖通道内进行了旋转热流场实验研究,对比了在不同热源条件下,竖通道侧开缝宽度为3.0cm和3.5cm时,侧开缝底部5cm高区域被遮挡前后通道内热流场的变化。实验结果表明,与遮挡前相比,遮挡通道侧开缝底部对火焰燃烧和热流场的运动状态都会产生影响。遮挡通道侧开缝底部区域,会在一定程度上限制外界冷空气进入通道内,从而减弱通道内的火焰旋转程度,致使燃料燃尽的耗时更长,平均火焰高度降低,其影响程度随着燃料池增大而减弱;遮挡侧开缝底部区域后,造成通道内下部区域中心轴线处的温度降低,最大影响区域在50cm高度附近,而在150cm高度以上基本没有影响;平均火焰高度与燃料池直径之比的无量纲量H/Φ与Peclet数之间的比例系数近似为1.732,并且是否遮挡侧开缝底部区域对于两者之间比例关系的影响不大。     

特长公路隧道独立排烟道结构高温安全性研究

特长公路隧道的火灾安全尤其是火灾通风排烟问题日益受到特别的关注。苍岭隧道是一座长度超过7 km的公路隧道,根据多方咨询意见,其通风排烟系统采用带独立排烟道的纵向通风模式。为了判断排烟道顶隔板结构在火灾高温下的安全性,以火灾动态模拟软件FDS的分析结果为温度边界条件,通过ANSYS对火灾下与常温下顶隔板的内力及变形进行了对比分析,探讨了顶隔板在火灾下的破坏规律,得出了火灾下顶隔板的临界破坏温度及其沿隧道的纵向破坏范围。